不同碳源对两株真菌纤维素酶合成的诱导和调控

定时测定B-6(Aspergillus sp.)、AS3.3711(Trichoderma sp.)在各类碳源中的纤维素酶活力，结果发现，酶的合成受培养基中碳源性质的调节控制。结构相对完整的纤维类物质（α-纤维素粉、微晶纤维素）诱导活性较高，电泳结果表明，纤维素酶系是协同表达的，但酶系各组分的百分比在不同的诱导条件下却各不相同。在测定糖耗与酶活力的关系中发现纤维二糖直接诱导B-6纤维素酶的合成，对AS3.3711则起了间接诱导作用，其经菌体代谢后的某种转化产物才是AS3.3711纤维素酶合成的真正诱导源。图6表1参14     

Seasonal variation of microbial populations and biomass in Tatachia grassland soils of Taiwan

To investigate the seasonal variations of microbial ecology in grassland of Tatachia forest, soil properties, microbial populations, microbial biomass, and 16S rDNA clone library analysis were determined. The soil had temperatures 6.6–18.4°C, pH 3.6–5.1, total organic carbon 1.11–10.68%, total nitrogen 0.18–0.78%, and C/N ratios 3.46–20.55. Each gram of dry soil contained bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, cellulolytic, phosphate-solubilizing microbes, and nitrogen-fixing microbes 4.54 × 10⁴ to 3.79 × 10⁷, 3.43 × 10² to 2.17 × 10⁵, 5.74 × 10³ to 3.76 × 10⁶, 1.97 × 10³ to 1.34 × 10⁶, 8.49 × 10² to 5.59 × 10⁵, and 3.86 × 10² to 3.75 × 10⁵ CFU, respectively. Each gram of soil contained 117–2,482 μg of microbial biomass carbon, 23–216 μg of microbial biomass nitrogen and 9–29 μg of DNA. The microbial populations, microbial biomass, and DNA decreased stepwise with the depth of soil, and they had low values in winter seasons. The microbial populations, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, and DNA at the BW2 horizon were 8.42–17.84, 19.26–64.40, 16.84–61.11, and 31.03–46.26% of those at the O horizon, respectively. When analyzing 16S rDNA library, members of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, candidate division TM1, candidate division TM7, Gammatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia were identified. Members of Proteobacteria (44.4%) and Acidobacteria (33.3%) dominated the clone libraries. Within the phylum Proteobacteria, α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria were most numerous, followed by δ-Proteobacteria.     

罗丹明染料荧光猝灭法分别测定痕量二氧化氯和亚氯酸根

在碱性条件下,ClO2氧化罗丹明染料发生荧光猝灭可选择性地测定ClO2的含量,而ClO2-不干扰测定;在酸性条件下可测量ClO2与ClO2-共同产生的荧光猝灭强度,利用差减法可求出ClO2-的含量.对于罗丹明S,罗丹明G,罗丹明B及丁基罗丹明B四体系,ClO2浓度分别在0.00840-0.53μg·ml-1,0.0930-3.15μg·ml-1,0.215-2.610μg·ml-1及0.0825-1.096μg·ml-1范围内,与四体系的荧光猝灭强度呈线性关系;亚氯酸根浓度分别在0.00950-0.711μg·ml-1,0.0940-2.36μg·ml-1,0.473-4.73μg·ml-1及0.473-2.36μg·ml-1范围内,与四体系的荧光猝灭强度呈线性关系.另外,选择罗丹明S荧光猝灭法分别测定了饮用水中ClO2及ClO2-,获得了满意的结果.     

中国能源消费导致的CO2排放量的差异特征分析

运用一种不产生残差的方法——对数平均迪氏指数法LMDI(logarithmicmeanDivisiaindex),对中国部分省份、区域能源消费导致的二氧化碳排放量进行了分解分析。将二氧化碳排放总量的变化分解成五个主要影响因素,即化石燃料的排放系数、能源消费结构、能源强度、人均GDP和人口总数。研究表明我国各省(地区)的二氧化碳排放量在1996年后呈现零(或负)增长趋势,主要影响因素是能源强度的提高;各省(地区)的二氧化碳排放量地区差异显著。因此,要在全国实现二氧化碳排放量的总体减排,应从提高能源利用效率,调整产业结构,消除地区发展的不平衡,逐步改善能源消费结构等方面考虑。     

电催化氧化降解大气中甲醛的研究

将有机废气通过高效微孔曝气转移到液相,采用活性碳纤维作为电极,研究不同鼓气速率和不同电压对处理效果的影响.结果表明,本方法适用于低浓度高气量有机废气的处理.在实验范围内,当曝气速率为20L·h-1,外加电压为5V的条件下,处理速率最稳定.     

TiO2/活性炭催化剂对4-CP的吸附和光催化活性

采用常压金属有机物化学气相沉积技术在活性炭表面沉积构成纳米TiO2催化剂,XRD分析表明,沉积在活性炭表面的TiO2为锐钛矿晶型.TEM分析表明负载量为8%(wt)时,TiO2颗粒的粒径为10-20nm;载体负载前后BET面积仅改变了6%,表明负载TiO2后对活性炭的结构影响不大.利用Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型探讨了TiO2/活性炭催化剂对4-CP的吸附行为和光催化活性之间的关系,求出4-CP降解反应速率常数Kr,在紫外光照条件下催化剂对4-CP的吸附明显增强.     

银在活性炭上的吸附行为和机理的研究

本文研究了银在活性炭上的吸附行为，探讨了影响吸附效率的各种因素。考察了多种溶液对吸附银的洗脱效果，发现银在活性炭上的吸附不是还原吸附，而是以离子形成与活性炭表面的－ＮＨ２和＝ＮＨ形成络合物而被吸附。     

Dichlorvos degradation studied by 31P-NMR

We studied the hydrolysis and TiO₂ photocatalysis of the pesticide dichlorvos at pH 2.6–9 using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (³¹P NMR). We found that the hydrolysis of dichlorvos led to the formation of dimethyl phosphate at pH 5.6–9. On the other hand, TiO₂ photocatalysis decomposed dichlorvos into dimethyl phosphate, which further reacted to form monomethyl phosphate at pH 2.6 and 9. Monomethylphosphate was hydrolysed into phosphate at pH 2.6. ³¹P NMR is therefore a promising tool to study the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides.     

Eventual saturation of the climate–carbon cycle feedback studied with a conceptual model

A saturation of climate–carbon cycle feedback was found earlier in the simulations with the IAP RAS climate model of intermediate complexity. Here, this eventual saturation is interpreted by using a conceptual linearised coupled model. It is shown that this saturation is due to weak, logarithmic, dependence of the carbon dioxide radiative forcing on its atmospheric concentration. This eventual saturation leads to the non-monotonic behaviour of climate–carbon cycle parameter f   in time. If the time scale of the atmospheric CO₂${\text{CO}}_2$ build up is _tp$t_{\text{p}}$ then, starting from an initial equilibrium, f   approaches maximum in time ?_tp$?t_{\text{p}}$. Afterwards, climate–carbon cycle parameter decreases and eventually tends to unity. The time scale of the latter decrease is _t1=(1−5)_tp$t_1=(1-5)t_{\text{p}}$. A dependence of _tm$t_{\text{m}}$ and _t1$t_1$ on governing parameters of the conceptual model is studied. It is argued that an eventual saturation of the climate–carbon cycle feedback is expected to occur also in the other integrations of sufficient length with coupled climate–carbon cycle models.     

利用方式对紫色水稻土有机碳与颗粒态有机碳的影响

土壤是陆地生态系统中重要的动态碳库,其微小的变化可能带来对全球大气CO2浓度的较大变化。颗粒态有机碳在土壤中周转速度较快,比土壤总有机碳更易受土地利用方式的影响,对于评价土地利用变化对土壤碳固定过程影响具有重要意义。采集不同的耕作、轮作和施肥处理的14年28茬的紫色土长期试验土壤,分析有机碳与颗粒态有机碳含量在土壤及不同深度分布特点,结果表明:长期垄作免耕并实行水稻(Oryza sativa)油菜(Brassica)轮作的利用方式下,0～10cm土层土壤有机碳与颗粒态有机碳含量明显高于其他利用方式下,而稻油水旱轮作平作利用方式下最低。整个耕层0～30cm深度的土壤有机碳含量介于8.92～29.98g·kg-1之间,颗粒态有机碳含量变幅为0.54～3.43g·kg-1之间,且存在随深度递增而降低的趋势。土壤有机碳与颗粒态有机碳都可用作评价利用方式影响紫色水稻土土壤质量变化与固碳能力的有效指标,但颗粒有机碳对于管理措施的响应更为敏感。从总有机碳与颗粒有机碳的关系来看,不同管理下有机碳的增加与土壤物理保护能力的提高有关。垄作免耕(稻油)的利用方式最有利于有机碳的保护和稳定。